I am currently working on the SRU, MODS, and MARC stuff for Sinciput. (Translation: I am writing an interface to the Library of Congress). In so doing, I am trying to hunt down Java projects that might provide some of the base functionality. It's looking like I am going to have to write my own MODS library, which I find surprising. But it will be a good opportunity to let the construction of XElement shine through.
Here are some interesting projects:
MARC4J provides a Java SDK for MARC records. It can convert to and from MODS data using XSLT. Less than ideal, but maybe OK: http://marc4j.tigris.org/
SRW/U: http://www.oclc.org/research/software/srw/default.htm
Mike Taylor's CQL library:
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tech/free.html#2.7
JZKit, a Z39.50 toolkit in Java. The lack of documentation is frustrating:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/jzjkit/
http://developer.k-int.com/projects.php?page=jzkit2
IndexData provides PHP, C++, and Perl libraries:
http://www.indexdata.com/
ZOOM Z39.50 Bindings:
http://zoom.z3950.org/bind/java/
Cheshire at Berkeley is a Python ZiNG-ish set of libraries:
http://cheshire.berkeley.edu/
RefBase is a bibliography database in PHP:
http://refbase.sourceforge.net/
I guess I also ought to find out about MIT's DSpace. I keep hearing about it.